Ingxoxo ngeNkqubo yokuKhutshwa kweeCables zeHalogen ezingenaMsi ophantsi

Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokubuyiswa komlilo wezinto zentambo, iintlobo ezintsha zeentambo ezibuyisela amadangatya bezisoloko zivela, zivela kwiintambo zantlandlolo eziqhelekileyo ezibuyiswa ngamadangatya ukuya kwiintambo ezibuyiswa ngamadangatya ezinomsi ophantsi we-halogen kunye neentambo ezingenamsi ophantsi we-halogen-free flame retardant. . Oku kubonisa ukuba iimfuno zeentambo ezibuyisela amadangatya ziye zanyuka ngokunyuka kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Kumazwe anjengeYurophu, iUnited States, neJapan, iintambo zocingo neentambo ezingayikhathalelanga imeko-bume ziye zaba zezona ziphambili kuzo zonke iindidi zeentambo. Oorhulumente bakuthintela ngokungqongqo ukusetyenziswa okanye ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kweentambo ezingahambelani nokusingqongileyo. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezivuthayo zomlilo ziqulethe inani elikhulu le-halogen. Xa zitshisa, ziya kuvelisa umsi omkhulu kunye negesi enetyhefu ye-hydrogen halide. IHalogen-free flame retadancy ifumaneka ikakhulu kwi polyolefins. Ke ngoko, iintambo ezingenamsi we-halogen eziphantsi ziya kuba yeyona ndlela iphambili yophuhliso kwixesha elizayo. Ngoko ke, ukukhutshwa kwezinto zekhebula ze-halogen ezingenalo umsi ophantsi kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kule miba ilandelayo.

1. Extrusion Isixhobo
   A. Inxalenye ephambili yocingo kunye nezixhobo ze-cable extrusion yi-screw, ehambelana noluhlu lwesicelo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ye-extruder. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokucwangciswa kweplastiki ezahlukeneyo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zoyilo lwe-screw. Isixhobo sentambo esinelangatye esine-halogen esinelangatye elisezantsi esine-magnesium hydroxide ezaliswe kakhulu okanye i-aluminium hydroxide. Ngoko ke, ekukhethweni kwe-screws, i-screws eqhelekileyo isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye i-compression ratios ayifanele ibe nkulu kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-1: 1 kunye ne-1: 2.5 ifanelekile ngakumbi.
   B. Enye into ebalulekileyo echaphazela i-extrusion yezinto eziphantsi komsi we-halogen-free cable ngexesha lenkqubo ye-extrusion yisixhobo sokupholisa se-extruder. Ngenxa yobume obukhethekileyo bezinto eziphantsi zomsi we-halogen, ubushushu obuninzi buyenziwa ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha. Oku kufuna ukuba isixhobo extrusion isixhobo sokupholisa elungileyo ukulawula ubushushu inkqubo. Le yingxaki engenakuhoywa. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, ii-pores ezinkulu ziya kwenziwa phezu kobuso bekhebula; ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphantsi kakhulu, umbane jikelele wesixhobo uya kwanda, kwaye isixhobo sinomonakalo.
2. Extrusion Molds
   Ngenxa yezinto eziphezulu zokuzalisa izinto zekhebula ze-halogen ezingenayo umsi ophantsi, kukho ukungafani okuphawulekayo kumandla anyibilikayo, umlinganiselo wokuzoba, kunye ne-viscosity phakathi kwayo kunye nezinye izinto zekhebula kwimeko etyhidiweyo. Ngoko ke, ukhetho lokubumba lukwahlukile. Okokuqala, ekukhetheni iindlela ze-extrusion zokubumba. Ukukhutshwa kwezinto eziphantsi komsi we-halogen-free cable, i-mold extrusion ye-insulation kufuneka ibe yohlobo lwe-extrusion, kwaye ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwe-sheath, kufuneka kusetyenziswe uhlobo lwe-semi-extrusion. Kungale ndlela kuphela apho amandla okuqina, ukunweba, kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo kuya kuqinisekiswa ngokupheleleyo. Okwesibini, ekukhethweni kwemikhono yokufa. Xa usebenzisa i-extrusion molds, ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu yezinto eziphathekayo, uxinzelelo kwintloko yokufa lukhulu, kwaye izinto ziya kwanda xa ziphuma kwi-mold. Ke ngoko, umkhono wokufa kufuneka ube mncinci kancinci kunobungakanani benene. Ekugqibeleni, iipropathi zemishini yezinto eziphantsi kwe-halogen-free-smoke azikho ngaphezu kwezinto eziqhelekileyo zekhebula kunye nezinto eziphantsi kwe-halogen. Umlinganiselo wayo wokutsalwa umncinci, kuphela malunga ne-2.5 ukuya kwi-3.2. Ngoko ke, xa ukhetha ukubunjwa, iimpawu zayo zokudweba kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo. Oku kufuna ukuba ukukhethwa kunye nokuhambelana kwemikhono yokufa akufanele kube kukhulu kakhulu, ngaphandle koko umphezulu wentambo awuyi kuba lukhuni, kwaye i-extrusion coating iya kukhululeka.
   Inqaku elinye elongezelelweyo: Amandla emoto yomatshini ophambili kufuneka abe mkhulu ngokwaneleyo. Ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu yezinto ze-LSHF, amandla anganeleyo akayi kusebenza.
   Inqaku elinye lokungavumelani: Ubude becandelo legalari le-mold extrusion akufanele libe lide kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo lingaphantsi kwe-1 mm. Ukuba lide kakhulu, amandla okucheba aya kuba makhulu kakhulu.
   1. Kwizinto ezingenayo i-halogen, ukusebenzisa isikrufu esinomlinganiselo ophantsi woxinzelelo wokulungisa kulungile. (Umlinganiselo omkhulu woxinzelelo uya kubangela ukuveliswa kobushushu obunzima ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweplastiki, kwaye umlinganiselo omkhulu wobude ukuya kububanzi kuya kubangela ixesha elide lokufudumeza iplastiki.)
   2. Ngenxa yokongezwa kwenani elikhulu le-flame retardant kwizinto ezingenalo umsi we-halogen, kukho ubunzima obukhulu kwinkqubo yokukhupha. I-shear force ye-screw kwizinto ezingenayo i-halogen inkulu. Eyona ndlela isebenzayo okwangoku kukusebenzisa isikrufu esikhethekileyo se-extrusion semathiriyeli engena-halogen.
   3. Ngexesha le-extrusion, into efana nokukhutshwa kwamehlo ibonakala kwindawo yokuvula yangaphandle. Xa kukho ubuninzi bayo, iya kunamathela kwintambo kwaye yenze iincinci ezincinci, ezichaphazela ukubonakala kwayo. Ngaba ukhe wadibana nale nto? Ngaba unazo naziphi na izisombululo ezilungileyo? Yimvula encanyathiselwe kwindawo yokuvula idayizi yangaphandle. Ukunciphisa ubushushu bokuvulwa kwefa kunye nokulungelelanisa ukubumba ukuba nokwelula kancinci kuya kuphucula imeko kakhulu. Ndihlala ndijongana nale ngxaki kwaye andifumani sisombululo sisisiseko. Ndiyakrokrela ukuba kubangelwa ukungahambi kakuhle kwezinto eziphathekayo. Kuthiwa ukusebenzisa i-blowtorch ukubhaka kunokusebenza, kodwa izinga lokushisa akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu, ngaphandle koko i-insulation iya konakala. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa lentloko yokufa liphezulu, ukunciphisa iqondo lokushisa kancinci kuya kusombulula ingxaki. Kukho izisombululo ezibini kule ngxaki: 1) Sebenzisa umpu womoya ukuvuthela, ngokukhethekileyo ngomoya oshushu; 2) Guqula uyilo lokubumba ngokwenza i-protrusion encinci kwindawo yokufa. Ukuphakama kwe-protrusion ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-1 mm. Kodwa andiyazi ukuba ngaba kukho abavelisi basekhaya abanokwenza iimbumba ezinjalo. Kwingxaki ye-precipitates kwi-fae opening ngexesha lokukhutshelwa kwezinto eziphantsi komsi we-halogen, ukufakela isixhobo sokususa i-slag somoya oshushu kwindawo yokufa kunokusombulula le ngxaki. Inkampani yethu ngoku isebenzisa le ndlela, kwaye umphumo ulungile kakhulu.
      Enye ingongoma eyongezelelweyo: Xa uvelisa izinto eziphantsi komsi we-halogen, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-semi-tubular extrusion mold ye-tubular extrusion. Ukongeza, ukugqitywa komphezulu wokungunda kufuneka kube phezulu ukuthintela ukubonakala kweediphozithi eziphuma kwiliso kwindawo yokuvula idayiti yangaphandle.
   4. Umbuzo: Xa uvelisa izixhobo ezingenamsi ophantsi we-halogen okwangoku, iqondo lobushushu kwindawo yesine yombhobho lihlala linyuka. Emva kokunyuka kwesantya, ukushisa kuya kunyuka malunga nama-degrees angama-40, okubangela ukuba izinto zenze i-foam. Ngaba kukho naziphi na izisombululo ezilungileyo? Kwimeko ye-bubbles ebonakala ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwezinto eziphantsi komsi we-halogen, ngokutsho kohlalutyo oluqhelekileyo: Enye into yokuba izinto ezingenalo umsi we-halogen zichaphazeleka ngokulula ngumswakama. Ngaphambi kwe-extrusion, kukulungele ukwenza unyango lokumisa; Isibini kukuba ulawulo lokushisa ngexesha lenkqubo ye-extrusion kufuneka lufaneleke. I-shear force ye-halogen-free materials ngexesha lenkqubo ye-extrusion inkulu, kwaye ukushisa kwendalo kuya kuveliswa phakathi kombhobho kunye ne-screw. Kucetyiswa ukuba unciphise ubushushu obumiselweyo; Isithathu sisizathu somgangatho wemathiriyeli ngokwayo. Iifektri ezininzi zemathiriyeli yentambo zongeza nje isixa esikhulu sokuzalisa ukunciphisa iindleko, okukhokelela kumxhuzulane ogqithisileyo wezinto ezithile. Kwimeko ye-bubbles ebonakala ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwezinto eziphantsi komsi we-halogen, ngokutsho kohlalutyo oluqhelekileyo: Enye into yokuba izinto ezingenalo umsi we-halogen zichaphazeleka ngokulula ngumswakama. Ngaphambi kwe-extrusion, kukulungele ukwenza unyango lokumisa; Isibini kukuba ulawulo lokushisa ngexesha lenkqubo ye-extrusion kufuneka lufaneleke. I-shear force ye-halogen-free materials ngexesha lenkqubo ye-extrusion inkulu, kwaye ukushisa kwendalo kuya kuveliswa phakathi kombhobho kunye ne-screw. Kucetyiswa ukuba unciphise ubushushu obumiselweyo; Isithathu sisizathu somgangatho wemathiriyeli ngokwayo. Iifektri ezininzi zemathiriyeli yentambo zongeza nje isixa esikhulu sokuzalisa ukunciphisa iindleko, okukhokelela kumxhuzulane ogqithisileyo wezinto ezithile. Ukuba yintloko ye-pin-type screw, ingaba iyakwazi ukuvelisa izinto ezingenayo i-halogen ephantsi komsi? Hayi, amandla okucheba makhulu kakhulu, kwaye kuya kubakho onke amaqamza. 1) Gqiba umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa kwesikrufu sakho kunye nemilo kunye nesakhiwo kwindawo yesine, nokuba kukho amacandelo okuguqula okanye amacandelo okuhamba okubuyela umva. Ukuba kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba utshintshe isikrufu. 2) Qinisekisa inkqubo yokupholisa kwindawo yesine. Ungasebenzisa ifeni ukuvuthela umoya ukuya kule zowuni ukuwupholisa. 3) Ngokwenene, le meko ayinanto eninzi yokwenza nokuba izinto eziphathekayo zichaphazelekayo ngumswakama okanye cha. Nangona kunjalo, isantya se-extrusion yezixhobo ze-halogen-free sheath akufanele zikhawuleze kakhulu.
   5. La manqaku alandelayo kufuneka aqatshelwe xa ukhupha izinto ezingenayo i-halogen ephantsi komsi: 1) Iqondo lokushisa ngexesha le-extrusion libaluleke kakhulu. Ulawulo lobushushu kufuneka luchaneke. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imfuno ephezulu yokushisa iphakathi kwe-160 - 170 degrees. Akufunekanga ibe phezulu kakhulu okanye ibephantsi kakhulu. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, i-aluminium hydroxide okanye i-magnesium hydroxide kwizinto eziphathekayo ziyakwazi ukubola, okubangelwa indawo engabonakaliyo kwaye ichaphazela ukusebenza kwayo; ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphantsi kakhulu, i-shear force inkulu kakhulu, uxinzelelo lwe-extrusion lukhulu, kwaye umphezulu awulungile. 2) Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-tubular extrusion mold ngexesha lokukhupha. Xa udibanisa isikhunta, kufuneka kubekho ukolula okuthile. Ngexesha le-extrusion, i-mandrel kufuneka ibe yi-1 - 3 mm emva komkhono wokufa. Isantya se-extrusion akufanele sikhawuleze, kwaye kufuneka silawulwe phakathi kwe-7 - 12 m. Ukuba isantya sikhawuleza kakhulu, amandla okucheba makhulu kakhulu, kwaye ubushushu kunzima ukubulawula. (Nangona i-LSZH ingekho lula ukuyiqhuba, ngokuqinisekileyo ayicothayo (njengoko kukhankanyiwe yiNyoni encinci, i-7 - 12 M). Nangona kunjalo, kwakhona isantya se-25 okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye ububanzi bangaphandle bumalunga ne-6 MM!! )
   6. Ukushisa kwe-extrusion yezinto eziphantsi komsi we-halogen ziya kuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu be-extruder. Ubushushu be-extrusion ndiyivavanye nge-70-uhlobo lwe-extruder lulandelayo kwireferensi yakho. Icandelo 1: 170 degrees, iCandelo 2: 180 degrees, iCandelo 3: 180 degrees, Icandelo 4: 185 degrees, Die intloko: 190 degrees, iliso Machine: 200 degrees. Ubuninzi bunokufikelela kwi-210 degrees. Ukushisa kokubola kwe-flame retardant ekhankanywe ngasentla kufuneka ibe ngama-degrees angama-350, ngoko ayiyi kubola. Ubukhulu besalathiso sokunyibilika kwezinto ezingenayo i-halogen, bhetele i-fluidity yayo kwaye kulula ukuyikhupha. Ke ngoko, isikrufu sohlobo lwe-150 sinokusikhupha okoko nje ukumanzi kwezinto ezingenayo i-halogen kulungile ngokwaneleyo. (Ndingathanda ukukubuza ukuba elona qondo lobushushu liphezulu ulikhankanyile liqondo lobushushu elibonisiweyo okanye iqondo lobushushu elibekiweyo? Xa siyenza loo nto, iqondo lobushushu elibekiweyo alidluli kwii-degrees ezingama-140. 160 degrees.
   7. Ukuveliswa okuyimpumelelo usebenzisa i-BM screw kunye ne-compression ratio ye-3.0. Nam iyandikhathaza lento. Ngaba ndingabuza zonke iingcali: Kutheni i-screws ene-compression ratio ephezulu (> 1: 2.5) ingasetyenziselwa imveliso? Amandla okucheba makhulu kakhulu, kwaye amaqamza aya kwenziwa. Inkampani yethu isebenzisa i-150 ukuvelisa iintambo ezingenamsi we-halogen, kwaye umphumo ulungile kakhulu. Sisebenzisa i-screws elinganayo kunye ne-equidistant-depth-depth, kwaye ukushisa kwecandelo ngalinye kufuneka kulawulwe kakuhle, ngaphandle koko iibhubhu okanye iingxaki zeglue ezindala ziya kwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima kakhulu. Ngexesha ngalinye, i-screw kunye ne-pulley kufuneka itshintshwe, kwaye uxinzelelo kwi-barrel kunye nentloko yokufa nayo inkulu.
   8. Ndicinga ukuba kungcono ukuba ungatshisi ngexesha le-extrusion ukuze uvumele isalamane ukuba sityibilike kwicala le-radial kwaye singabi lula ekuqhekekeni.
   9. Nangona kunjalo, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekuthinteleni ukwandiswa kwezinto ekuvuleni ukutya.
   10. Inkampani yethu yasebenzisa izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezingenazo i-halogen ngaphambili, ezazithanda ukwenza mhlophe. Ngoku sisebenzisa izinto ze-GE, ezibiza kakhulu kodwa azinayo ingxaki yokwenza mhlophe. Ndingathanda ukubuza ukuba izixhobo zakho ezingenazo ihalogen zinengxaki yokwenza mhlophe?
   11. Ngenxa yokongezwa kwenani elikhulu le-flame retardant kwizinto ezingenalo umsi we-halogen, le nto iyona nto iphambili yokuba kutheni isantya singenakonyuka, okubangelwa ubunzima obukhulu kwinkqubo yokukhupha. Ngexesha le-extrusion, into efana nokukhutshwa kwamehlo ibonakala kwindawo yokuvula yangaphandle. Xa kukho ubuninzi bayo, iya kunamathela kwintambo kwaye yenze iincinci ezincinci, ezichaphazela ukubonakala kwayo. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, inokubhaka nge-blowtorch. Iqondo lokushisa akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu, ngaphandle koko i-insulation iya konakala. Le yeyona ndawo inzima yokulawula kwinkqubo. Kwizinto ezingenayo i-halogen, ukusebenzisa i-low-compression-ratio kunye ne-screw evulekileyo yokucubungula ayinayo ingxaki malunga nesantya sokucubungula. Ukusuka kwimbono yezixhobo zomatshini omncinci we-extrusion (ene-screw diameter ye-100 mm okanye ngaphantsi) kunye nokukhutshwa kweengcingo ze-halogen ezingenalo umsi ophantsi usebenzisa i-vinyl acetate copolymer njengesiseko sezinto, imbonakalo kunye nokusebenza akuchaphazeli kakhulu xa usebenzisa eziqhelekileyo. Izikrufu zePVC kunye nezikrufu ezikhethekileyo zomsi ophantsi we-halogen-free materials for production. Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwe-extrusion kunye nenkangeleko ziseyimiqulu kunye nomlinganiselo weentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-flame retardants, ezinye izinto zokuzalisa, kunye nezinto ezisisiseko. Xa usebenzisa PVC kunye PE izinto extrusion izikrufu ukuvelisa umsi-ophantsi halogen-free izinto, ngenxa viscosity eliphezulu izinto ezinjalo, kunye nomlinganiselo ucinezelo izikrufu eziqhelekileyo PVC impahla extrusion malunga 2.5 - 3.0. Ukuba izikrufu zomlinganiselo wokucinezela zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izixhobo ezingenamsi we-halogen, ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha, umphumo wokuxuba ngaphakathi kwesikrufu awuyi kufikelela kweyona nto ilungileyo ngexesha lezinto zihlala kwi-screw, kwaye izinto ziya kubambelela kwi-screw. udonga lwangaphakathi lombhobho, okubangela ukukhutshwa kweglue okwaneleyo, ukungakwazi ukunyusa isantya sokukhupha, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ukwandisa umthwalo wemoto. Ngoko ke, akukhuthazwa ukuzisebenzisa. Ukuba ukuveliswa kobuninzi kuqhutyelwa, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-screw ekhethekileyo kunye ne-low compression ratio. Kucetyiswa ukuba umlinganiselo woxinzelelo ube ngaphantsi kwe-1.8:1. Ukongeza, amandla emoto kufuneka anyuswe kwaye i-inverter yamandla efanelekileyo kufuneka ikhethwe ukufezekisa eyona mpembelelo ilungileyo yokukhupha kunye nokusebenza kwengcingo.
   12. Iingxaki ezipheleleyo zezinto eziphantsi komsi we-halogen zi: 1) Kukho iipores kwimveliso ekhutshweyo; 2) Ukugqitywa komphezulu kubi; 3) Imveliso yeglue incinci; I-4) Ubushushu obunzima be-screw bukhulu.
   13. Xa ukhupha i-halogen-free-smoke low-smoke retardant materials, ekubeni iqondo lokushisa alikwazi ukuphakama kakhulu, i-viscosity yezinto eziphathekayo iphezulu. I-screw yomatshini we-extrusion kufuneka ikhethwe njenge-20/1, kwaye umlinganiselo woxinzelelo akufanele ube mkhulu kune-2.5. Ngenxa yamandla amakhulu okucheba, ukunyuka kobushushu bendalo kukhulu. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi ukupholisa isikrufu. Ukubhaka nge-blowtorch kumlilo ophantsi kusebenza ngakumbi ukukhutshwa kwamehlo kwindawo yokufa kwaye akuyi kuphula i-insulation.
   14. Ukufuna uncedo lomlinganiselo we-halogen-free extrusion molds. Umlinganiselo wokutsalwa ngu-1.8 - 2.5, i-degree balance balance yi-0.95 - 1.05. Umyinge wokutsalwa umncinci kancinci kunePVC. Zama ukwenza umngundo ungqamane! Umlinganiselo wokutsalwa malunga ne-1.5. I-mandrel ayifuni ukuthwala ucingo. Sebenzisa indlela ye-semi-extrusion. Ubushushu bamanzi kwitanki yokuqala yamanzi yi-70 - 80 °. Emva koko kusetyenziswa ukupholisa umoya, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukupholisa kwamanzi.