Kwimeko yetekhnoloji yanamhlanje eguquka ngokukhawuleza, iintambo zezithuthi zamandla amatsha, i-photovoltaic, kunye nonxibelelwano lwe-5G ziye zavela njengezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Eli nqaku lijolise ekuhlalutyeni iinkqubo zabo zokuvelisa, iindleko, iimarike, ubomi benkonzo, iimeko zesicelo, kunye nezikhokelo zophuhliso kwixesha elizayo.
1. IiCables zeSithuthi saMandla amatsha
- Inkqubo yokuVelisa:
- ULungiselelo lweKondi: I-conductor yeentambo zesithuthi samandla amatsha idla ngokwenziwa ngobhedu okanye nge-aluminiyam. I-Copper isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa ye-resistivity ephantsi, umthamo ophezulu wokuthwala okwangoku, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezigqwesileyo. Izinto zobhedu zicutshungulwa ngeenkqubo ezinjengomzobo wocingo, i-annealing, kunye ne-stranding ukuqinisekisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokuhamba kwe-conductor12.
- Unyango lwe-Insulation: Izinto zokufakelwa kwe-insulation ezifana ne-polyethylene edibeneyo (i-XLPE), i-rubber ye-silicon, kunye ne-thermoplastic elastomer (i-TPE) isetyenziselwa unyango lwe-insulation. Ezi zixhobo kufuneka zihlangabezane nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-insulation, kunye nezinye iimfuno zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwekhebula kwindawo enzima yesithuthi.
- Ukukhuselwa kunye nokuKhuphuka: Umaleko okhuselayo wongezwa ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Uluhlu olukhuselayo luhlala lwenziwe ngocingo lwe-copper braiding okanye ezinye izinto. Ekugqibeleni, i-sheath ikhutshiwe ukukhusela intambo kumonakalo wangaphandle4.
- Iindleko: Iindleko zeentambo zezithuthi zamandla amatsha ziphezulu kakhulu, ngenxa yeemfuno eziphezulu zezinto kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa. Iindleko zemathiriyeli ekrwada ezifana nobhedu kunye nezixhobo zokugquma ezikumgangatho ophezulu zibalelwa umlinganiselo omkhulu weendleko zizonke. Ukongeza, izixhobo zemveliso kunye nobuchwepheshe obufunekayo kwimveliso nazo zonyusa iindleko.
- Imarike: Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini elitsha lezithuthi zamandla, imfuno yentengiso yeentambo zezithuthi zamandla amatsha ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko besanda abavelisi beemoto betyala imali ekuvelisweni kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, isikali sentengiso yeentambo zeenqwelo zamandla amatsha kulindeleke ukuba siqhubeke ukwanda. Ngokoqikelelo, ubungakanani bentengiso yeentambo zemoto zamandla amatsha buya kufikelela kwinqanaba elithile kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.
- Ubomi Benkonzo: Ngaphantsi kokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa okufanelekileyo, ubomi benkonzo yeentambo zezithuthi zamandla amatsha zinokufikelela ngokubanzi ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezinjengokushisa okuphezulu, ukufuma okuphezulu, kunye nomonakalo womatshini kwindawo yesithuthi kunokuchaphazela ubomi benkonzo yeentambo.
- Iimeko zeSicelo: Iintambo zemoto zamandla amatsha zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kuqhagamshelo phakathi kweebhetri ezinevoltage ephezulu, ii-inverters, iicompressor zomoya, iijenereyitha zamanqanaba amathathu, kunye neemotor kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha. Zikwasetyenziselwa ukutshaja imipu, iimfumba zokutshaja, kunye neetshaja ezisebhodini.
- Umkhombandlela woPhuhliso lwexesha elizayo: Kwixesha elizayo, uphuhliso lweentambo zemoto zamandla amatsha ziya kugxila ekuphuculeni ukusebenza, njengokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhusela, kunye nobunzima obulula. Kwangaxeshanye, ngophuhliso lobuchwepheshe bezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ukudityaniswa nobukrelekrele beentambo kuya kwandiswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso loshishino lweemoto.
2. IiCables Photovoltaic
- Inkqubo yokuVelisa:
- Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezikrwada: Iintambo ze-Photovoltaic zifuna abaqhubi bezinga eliphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ubhedu okanye i-aluminium, kunye nezixhobo zokufakelwa kwe-insulation kunye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye nokushisa okuphezulu, njenge-polyethylene ekhethekileyo. Iifayili nazo ziyafuneka ukuphucula ukuguquguquka kwentambo kunye nokuqina5.
- Extrusion kunye noKwaleka: I-conductor ifakwe kuqala, kwaye emva koko i-insulation layer kunye ne-sheath ikhutshwe nge-extruder. Inkqubo ye-extrusion idinga ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo lokuqinisekisa umgangatho we-cable5.
- Uvavanyo kunye nokuPakisha: Emva kokuveliswa, ikheyibhile idinga ukuvavanya uthotho lweemvavanyo, kubandakanya iimvavanyo zokusebenza kombane, iimvavanyo zokusebenza koomatshini, kunye novavanyo lokumelana nemozulu. Kuphela iintambo eziphumelele iimvavanyo zinokupakishwa kwaye zithunyelwe5.
- Iindleko: Iindleko zeentambo ze-photovoltaic zichaphazeleka kakhulu kwiindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa. Iindleko zomgangatho ophezulu wezinto zokugquma kunye nee-conductors ezikhethekileyo ziphezulu, kodwa ngokuphuculwa kobugcisa bokuvelisa kunye nokwandiswa kwesikali semveliso, iindleko ziyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe.
- Imarike: Imboni ye-photovoltaic ikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye imfuno yemarike yeentambo ze-photovoltaic nayo iyanda. Njengoko amazwe ehlabathini lonke encamathela ukubaluleka okukhulu kumandla avuselelekayo, ukufakwa kwezityalo zamandla e-photovoltaic kuyanda, nto leyo eqhuba imfuno yeentambo ze-photovoltaic. Ukhuphiswano lwemarike yeentambo ze-photovoltaic lubukhali, kwaye amashishini kufuneka aqhubeke ephucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokusebenza ukuze azuze inzuzo yokukhuphisana.
- Ubomi Benkonzo: Iintambo ze-Photovoltaic zibonakaliswe kwiindawo zangaphandle ixesha elide, ngoko kufuneka zibe nokuchasana kwemozulu kunye nokuqina. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ubomi benkonzo yeentambo ze-photovoltaic zinokufikelela kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-25.
- Iimeko zeSicelo: Iintambo ze-Photovoltaic zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic, kubandakanywa uxhulumaniso phakathi kweepaneli zelanga kunye ne-inverters, ukudibanisa phakathi kwee-inverters kunye nezixhobo zokuhambisa amandla, kunye nokudibanisa phakathi kwezixhobo zokuhambisa amandla kunye negridi7.
- Umkhombandlela woPhuhliso lwexesha elizayo: Kwixesha elizayo, ukuphuhliswa kweentambo ze-photovoltaic ziya kugxininisa ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuchasana kwe-ultraviolet, kunye nokukhusela amanzi. Ngexesha elifanayo, kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic, iimfuno zokuhanjiswa ngokufanelekileyo kweentambo ze-photovoltaic nazo ziya kuba phezulu.
3. IiCables zoNxibelelwano ze-5G
- Inkqubo yokuVelisa:
- Ukwenziwa kweConductor: Umqhubi weentambo zonxibelelwano ze-5G zifuna ukuqhuba okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza kokuhanjiswa komqondiso. Ubhedu okanye ezinye izinto zokuqhuba ezisemgangathweni zisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye inkqubo yokuvelisa kufuneka iqinisekise ukuchaneka kunye nokufana kwe-diameter ye-conductor ukunciphisa ukulahleka komqondiso.
- I-Insulation kunye nokuKhusela: Izinto zokufakelwa kwezinto eziphezulu zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwentambo yentambo. Kwangaxeshanye, umaleko okhuselayo wongezwa ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokuhanjiswa komqondiso.
- INdibano yeCable: Emva kokulungiswa kwe-conductor, i-insulation, kunye ne-shielding layers, intambo ihlanganiswe ngeenkqubo ezifana ne-stranding kunye ne-sheathing ukwenza i-cable epheleleyo yonxibelelwano ye-5G.
- Iindleko: Inkqubo yokwenziwa kweentambo zonxibelelwano ze-5G zifuna izixhobo ezichanekileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili, ngoko ke ixabiso liphezulu. Ukongeza, imfuno yezinto eziphezulu zokusebenza nazo zonyusa iindleko zeentambo.
- Imarike: Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweteknoloji yonxibelelwano lwe-5G, imfuno yemarike yeentambo zonxibelelwano ze-5G zikhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zesiseko ze-5G, amaziko edatha, kunye nezinye izibonelelo zifuna inani elikhulu leentambo zonxibelelwano ze-5G. Ukhuphiswano lwemarike yeentambo zonxibelelwano ze-5G lubukhali, kwaye amashishini kufuneka aqhubeke ephucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokukwazi ukusungula izinto ezintsha ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yemarike.
- Ubomi Benkonzo: Ngaphantsi kokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa okufanelekileyo, ubomi benkonzo yeentambo zonxibelelwano ze-5G zinokufikelela ngokubanzi ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuxinana okuphezulu kwezixhobo ze-5G kunye nomthamo omkhulu wokuhanjiswa kwedatha, iintambo zinokuthi zixhomekeke ekugqokeni okuthile, okudinga ukuhlolwa kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo.
- Iimeko zeSicelo: Iintambo zonxibelelwano ze-5G zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizikhululo zesiseko ze-5G, amaziko edatha, izixeko ezihlakaniphile, kunye nezinye iindawo zokubonelela ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nezinzile iziteshi zokuhambisa uphawu.
- Umkhombandlela woPhuhliso lwexesha elizayo: Kwixesha elizayo, ukuphuhliswa kweentambo zonxibelelwano ze-5G ziya kugxininisa ekuphuculeni isantya sokuhambisa, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kweempawu, kunye nokuphucula ukulungelelaniswa kweendawo ezinzima. Ngexesha elifanayo, kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo lweemeko zesicelo se-5G, ukuhlukahluka kunye nokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kweentambo zonxibelelwano ze-5G nazo ziya kuba yindlela yokuphuhlisa.
Ukuqukumbela, iintambo zezithuthi zamandla amatsha, i-photovoltaic, kunye nonxibelelwano lwe-5G zonke ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni amashishini avelayo. Iinkqubo zabo zokuvelisa, iindleko, iimarike, ubomi benkonzo, iimeko zezicelo, kunye nemikhomba-ndlela yophuhliso yexesha elizayo yahlukile, kodwa zonke zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lwamashishini anxulumeneyo. Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubeka iqhubela phambili, ezi ntambo ziya kuqhubeka ziphuhlisa kwaye ziphucule ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo zemimandla eyahlukeneyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-24-2024